An inevitable task of being social Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

An needed task of being social - Essay ExampleWhen I had to mingle and put up with these newly people, I felt kind of exasperated. I knew it was something that I had to do, but I would rather have foregone off with people that I knew and were familiar with. Due to these thoughts running through my head, I knew that I was a little less than friendly towards those that were trying to make acquaintances. Some of the people that I meet are a little too overenthusiastic, and it quickly becomes unbearable to spend more than enough time with them. This accompaniment sticks in my mind because I know that I did not make a good starting line impression with everyone and I still feel guilty about that. I am not loose with dealing with so many people at one given time, and I know that this showed during that particular proposition moment. I did not feel too positive about the outcome of what took place on the contrary, the events of the twenty-four hour period kept coming back to mind, m aking me feel increasingly uncomfortable about the whole ordeal. though this was in regards to how I acted, and not about the fact that I do not always wish mass social situations. I always feel that there is one individual too many, and it is that person that will test my nerves the most. After all had been said and poorly done, I took the time to to the full consider the situation I had repeatedly put myself in that day. The bad aspects of the day had involved my interdict attitude towards those that had taken to me with a more positive approach my less-than-polite responses did very little to help how others viewed me.

Personal Knowledge Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Personal Knowledge - Essay ExampleThis then(prenominal) directs me to the investigation of epistemology itself, how do people react and pay attention to medicine, how do listeners perceive sound give away of it It seems that, they need to cling to certain metaphors, to mentality they w feverous feel stuck if they cant perceive a green garden, and a blued-sky or something relevant to that.Using implicit consideration that a year ago I attended an opera house which featured a well known singer, say understanding how to play music persuasively so far non beingness proficient to amply illustrate my knowledge of it, I came to react like our melodic bands are poor and irrational. They played music over their pa systems whose frequencies are mostly consistent with their situation fields, and are in fact upsetting for persons that are not accustomed to it. Various frequencies create non-homogeneous emotions. I know sometimes music genres - rock and pop - in fact make me ill if I am re ndering to them for considerable period of time. I had left that opera. It so gives me the impression that something is nonconcentric with this particular situation - either widely heard music is beyond phase with, or exclusively hearing-impaired to, listeners anticipation or the listeners had plunged into a sort of easy listening habit. Exemptions allowable on twain of these choices, I think clued-up music is in general easy-to-get-to the population, given this public is equipped maintaining an ultimate preliminary shock, since at that place certainly exists an interval between the overall styles, methods and artistic grounds of the melody we are caused to experience in our routine life and those of this eras.Music skills can only be unintelligibly known, that is to say, they can come what whitethorn understood perfectly and even if our faith may comprehend the relation of their elements we have convolution in telling these relations through our aptitude to communicate, i.e. cl ear-cut language (Michael Polanyi 1998). It is irrefutable that these days erudite music isnt that much easy to manage and comprehend, comprising the extensive demands for music, not to point out that of the more genres, and the relatively scanty interest of the music listeners. Moreover, it is usually worded as excessively difficult and tightly-packed without rationalisation. Is this a symptom of our times Without a doubt, our times are those of a speedy being, spilling over with any day concerns, that does not nurse anything that adds more trouble to its maze-like pace.According to Iannis Xenakis (1922-2001), music is not simply a language. Every piece is resembling a hard rock, with myriad ruts and sliced with depictions on the originate and underneath, which people make sense of and understand in a thousand diverse ways, none of them being the most excellent nor the truest. And, he continued, The actual disaster will be if, as new composers ransacking around for diverse and probably more classical forms of look and production, the confused voices of an previous originality are covered up (Arnold Whittall). This made me absolutely lay down my arms on that widely-established idea that music is a ecumenical language, understood at once and perceivable by every person. Furthermore, Id say that it is incorrect to consider that music is for all and sundry or, in other words, that a music composition is always made up with consensus in mentality, every person gathering a similar accepting from hearing it.I take from this that the positive reception of a

Statement of Purpose Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 4

Statement of Purpose - Essay ExampleIn addition, this paper will pay attention to the critical financial policies at native country with a view of establishing a stock market that is currently non-existent. Moreover, the centre of the studies is to examine how theoretical financial cognition can be used to enhance growth in the financial sector. Additionally, a close focus on building relevant knowledge and skills that would spur economic growth to a desirable take will receive prominence. Also, attention will be given to enhancing the work experience to sore graduates in order to bridge the gap between theoretical foundation and practical reality within the pay sector.In addition, today there is a great financial transformation that that requires constant research and expertness that is provided for through further studies. The financial challenges in any economy continue to mount every day, for instance, Angola faces threats of the asymmetry trade so as many other developing c ountries. As a responsible pay specialist, the focus is to explore possible financial solutions that face the third world nations. In addition, the knowledge gained should transubstantiate to better and competent financial policies that would open doors for economic prosperity. It is sad that knowledge and skills obtained at graduate has through with(p) little to improve our local financial policies. This work will attempt to give a new dimension to the relevance of finance graduate

Organizational Knowledge Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Organizational Knowledge - Essay eventOther than this, in this competitive scenario, the essence of retailing changed adversely and gave rise to a centralized foodstuff situation where the rate of exchanged is extremely high as comp bed to others (Feldman, 2003). In this market, metal coins and paper notes are besides exchanged for other goods which enhanced the scope and expiration of retailing to a high extent in the recent decades. Side by side, introduction of online stores also enhanced the range of total gross sales in retaining sector in today market scenario (Moser &Vander, 2003). However, in spite of huge advancement, the Retail instruction sector presented numerous interesting challenges that gave rise to more(prenominal) innovative solutions. The most vital and noteworthy grapple that is hampering the portfolio of the sector of retaining is commoditization. It is a trouble-some issue that arose a few decades before that mainly highlights price wars and fierce chal lenger among the rival players of the market. Due to which the puzzle and brand image of numerous reputed organization operating successfully in this segment is experiencing massive downfall resulting in reduction of the profit allowance account and total sales of GameStop stack of US. As a result, the position of GameStop Corporation in the markets of US is reducing at a pregnant extent, which is quite insubstantial (Moser &Vander, 2003). ... This cause also marked a significant downfall of the position of US among other big players around the globe (Moser &Vander 2003). Detailed background information of the issue of commoditization described in a higher place Historical Origin of the problem Due to the entrance of numerous new entrants, the extent of competition aroused, resulting in the problem of commoditization in the segment of retailing. Other than this, as entry in this segment do not require huge rate of investment and so its quite easy for the new entrants to inclos e it (Moser &Vander, 2003). As a result, the segment became extremely aggressive and the rate of switch everywheres also increased to a significant extent (Nonaka & Nishiguchi, 2001). In case of pricing problem or lack of trendiness, the customers immediately shift over towards other brands resulting in loss of prospective customers and profit margin as well (Moser &Vander, 2003). In arrangement to cope up with this problem, I instructed my juniors and other administrative officials to maintain a competitive margin of the products so as to retain the customers towards their brands and products. Along with this, I also decided to introduce ad present more concentration in introducing varied types of innovative designs and features in the products lines so as to make the customers attracted towards their products as differentiate to other rival players (Moser &Vander, 2003). Otherwise, they might not be able to maintain a sustainable position in the market among other players (Tsouk as, 2005). This proved quite successful for the organization thereby amplifying the profit margin (Moser &Vander, 2003). Proposed Solution Not only this, according to Cooper, (1999), to maintain the portfolio of the products, just like the other retailers I also tried to implement the

Evidence of cash conservative and low-leverage firms in UK and Germany Dissertation

Evidence of cash conservative and low-leverage firms in UK and Germany - disquisition ExampleThe fiscals of the firms are extracted from the fiscal years 2005 to 2012 and statistically analyzed to establish and prove a scheme that the agencies practice cash conservativism and low leverage financial policy particularly in times of sparing recession. CONTENTS COVER PAGE________________________________________________________________1 ABSTRACT 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS 3 CHAPTER 1 cornerstone 4 1.1 The United Kingdom and germany_________________________________5 1.2 FINANCIAL Conservatism AND DISTRESS______________________________8 1.3 Agency and Stewardship theory..._________________________________11 CHAPTER 2 review of literature_________________________________________12 CHAPTER 3 query METHOD 14 3.1 Empirical Framework 19 3.2 Data Sample 20 3.3 Results 24 CHAPTER 4 CONCLUSION _________________________________________________26 WORKS CITED____________________________________________ _________________29 Appendices _______________________________________________________________31 Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION The foundations of a firms financial theory force out be found in the firms organizational culture and structure, the national financial policies, investors, and economic factors. In calling, decision-making processes include different perspectives which are reflected in the collective governance policies. The perspective is relative to the base of financial wisdom, accompanied by the degree of inclusion of Values and Ethics. Theorists have come to believe that contributions to an engaged, politically aware form of multicultural theorizing may cast some light on debates about corporate governance and social responsibility, policy making strategies, and profits. Distinctly, attic eccentric people, for example, Hayek (1976) stressed on the fact that the contemporary permissive pre-occupation on the mirage of justice could lead them to overlook the procedure that permissive strategies depend too hard upon market which is not a centralized one and positioned on individual firms, and the final product of this cannot be deduced and is unforeseeable. According to an empirical study by Iona, Leonida, and Ozkan (2004) The final result also tells that legislative occupancy, board brass and, to some extent, ownership congregation are vital elements of the possibility of organizations taking up middle-of-the-road financial schemes. The strategies of cash holding and leverage are traditionally used as factors to determine the level of conservatism in a firms financial policy. Corporate executive management experience challenges when the interests of the business coupled with the personal interests of the investors, the organization, or managerial cabinet. This occurs frequently during periods of financial distress. The Agency theory developed amongst concerns for plaza rights, business economics, business law, and political philosophies, to include the studies of economists and business analysts (Reference for Business, 2013). This paper will investigate the existence and order of magnitude of financial conservatism in firms in the United Kingdom and in Germany by empirical question of their financial data with regard to financial crises. 1.1 The United Kingdom and Germany In relation to this, the same quandary is there. It should not be ignored that the markets and macroeconomic variables have a great connection with each

W5Security Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

W5Security - try ExampleModern technology poses a threat in terms of ease of access to information and information which is exchanged over the Internet, which can compromise the privacy of both individuals as well as confidential information pertaining to business activities (Laudon & Laudon, 1999). Privacy is the freedom individuals have to be left alone both at home and at work, free from observation or intrusion by other individuals or the State, or in the case of organizations, from the State and unauthorized sources. Information technology and systems threaten individual rights to privacy by making the intrusion into privacy inexpensive, cost- tackive, and efficient (Laudon & Laudon, 1999).Organizational information security strategies, measures, and standards are simply significant reflections. An organization must take care to devise and put into practice a self-made information safety plan, that can cover every phase of available information. Each category of such infor mation safety serves a diverse function. The W5-Data Security Policy incorporates the following main points regarding the organizational entropy (W5- information security Policy, 2009)Security risk Consumer based applications such as Internet sales and call mall programs pose a security risk to data at its collection point, because they can be tapped by unauthorized sources.(www.protegrity.com). The data and information security risk can be illustrated as the intensity of its effect on organization activities (including operational jobs, illustrations, or status), organization assets, or on individual and/or financial information collected during the process of entering into business information arrangements. The security of data may also be compromised during the process of its use, such as for example through actual theft or hacking into data as well as insider theft, all of which pose a hazard (Rebecca, 2007).The above section has presented the practical hazards in a busines s situation. Such

Horse Industry and Equine Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

one dollar bill Industry and Equine Law - Essay ExampleThe animal rights advocates and educators depart benefit from this composing because they ordain be given ample information about equine industry. This paper depart highlight the proper training and trouble of horses - may it be for farming or for locomote use. This will also include laws and regulations pertaining to accidents and injuries of and by the horses plus the specific laws of betting in race horses. With such information, they will be armed with enough knowledge on what to promote for or against the common practices of equine management.Managers and owners of equine farms will also greatly benefit from this hire as they, too, will know if their management practices and/or approaches are appropriate and legal or not. They will be able to assess if they destiny to modify their strategies or of they need to seek some consultants and experts regarding in the equine industry.Lastly, this paper will be of great he lp to other and future researchers who would be interested in tackling equine connect concepts. The results of this study will serve as their basis for further research or can be apply as references to prove their own hypothesis.Keeping the horses physically fit is the most important thing... Lastly, this paper will be of great help to other and future researchers who would be interested in tackling equine related concepts. The results of this study will serve as their basis for further research or can be used as references to prove their own hypothesis. Review of Related LiteratureManagement and Training of HorsesFor the HorseKeeping the horses physically fit is the most important thing that the equine farm manager moldiness do. This is because horses that puzzle mettlesome cannot be productive nor useful for the farm anymore, hence most often than not, lame horses are already considered dead. To keep the horses healthy and on top of its take form, the farm caretaker must ensu re that it has a well balanced rest and work time. Hoses are like humans, they need to rest and to work at the equivalent time. However, unlike humans, horses will need t have longer hours of working than resting. This is because horses that get longer resting periods become more prone to diseases and thy will eventually loose conditioning or get out of shape when it is having long periods of rest. Hence to ensure that horses will perform very well, a series of trainings and activities should be that which will involve cardiovascular fitness, respiratory fitness, thermoregulation, muscle fatigue and skeletal fatigue (Day, 2002).Ensuring that the cardiovascular organs or body parts of the horses are in good condition will help in instigating a fast and sturdy horse. It should be noted that the normal heart rate horses when resting is 35 beats per piece (bpm) on the average. Meanwhile the normal heart rate of horses during extremely high intensity

An analysis of the impact that advertising has on retail banking for Research Paper

An analysis of the impact that normalizing has on retail avering for increasing the level of note awareness case study on Barclays bank,uk - seek Paper Exampleal., 2004). However, in this paper discussion will be made regarding the impact of publicizing in creating provoker awareness of Barclays bank of the UK. Barclays is considered as one of the largest banks of the world having its headquarters in London. The bank operates in more than 50 countries consisting more than 48 million customers (Barclays 2015). It is therefore necessary for the bank to retain existing customers as well as attract new customers that would dish in maximizing the amount of profit. Barclays bank has been spending millions of dollars on denote in order to promote its brand to the public to create awareness (SAGE Publications, 2015). The advancements of technology have provided opportunity for the bank to use digital channels of advertising including social media and other online sources. Moreover, the bank also provides personalized products and services to the selected customer that helps in increasing brand value for the bank (WIPRO, 2013). Advertisement is the most important tool that helps in an effective promotion of some(prenominal) brand as well as the popularity of the company also increases. Advertising through and through celebrities is also considered as one of the most effective means that may help in improving the brand equity, brand awareness as well as positive financial return (The New York Times Company, 2015 Olum, 2010). In this context, the focus of the paper is on Barclays Bank of the UK and advertising impact.The primary motive of any business system irrespective of whether it is a private or a public company is to maximize its profit through the sale of products and services. It is also essential for any business establishment to maximize the volume of sales that would help in covering various types of costs incurred during operating business. For this , it is necessary for the company to market their products and services in an effective manner considering the 4Ps of marketing that

Immigration Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Immigration - Essay ExampleMeanwhile, New York Times author Alan Dershowitz commented that he actually favors a national ID card, for it will not only give citizens better vindication and security especially from terrorism, but will also benefit illegal immigrants disposed that they will in brief be given legal status by the government and be issued such IDs (Dershowitz n. p.). In this case, I personally think that the SB 1070 is unconstitutional and that it violates human rights, given that this law actually encourages racial compose by the state police, given that they can actually search and arrest immigrants which they suspect not having the correct documents at hand. In addition, I also think that the proposed national ID card is actually harmful to immigrants, given that it will seriously impair every persons right to privacy. Works Cited Dershowitz, Allan. Why tutelage National ID Cards? www.nytimes.com. New York Times, 2001. Web. 26 April 2011.

The Way We Lie By Stephanie Ericsson Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Way We Lie By Stephanie Ericsson - Es rate ExampleIn summation we also empathize that the only mood to bring alter in this go steady is to start the change at an several(prenominal) level.Stephanie Ericsson thesis is that lies pick pop become part and parcel of our lives. We have developed some(prenominal) means of telling lies and deceiving others and in some cases ourselves. Writer is of the opinion that now we have formatted our live styles in a manner that to tell lie or indulge in it unconsciously is more of a rule than an exception. Therefore, we have started to lay down our own limits and justify our lies in matchless way or the other. In the process we atomic number 18 continuously confronted with our inner self. In hearts of heart we are richly aware of the lie we are indulging in but we tend to justify it in one way or the other. Writer is of the opinion that this attitude of ours, as a society, had brought us to a even out that we have become insensitive to the lies we are confronting in our daily lives. In the words of the writer Our sufferance of lies becomes a cultural cancer that eventu eithery shrouds and reorders reality until moral garbage becomes as invisible to us as water is to a fish.The author supported the thesis by indicating the complexities of the lies in our lives, which we have created ourselves. In the essay author has mentioned and explained different types of lies like white lies, facades, ignoring the plain facts, deflecting, omission, stereotypes and clichs, group think, out and out lies, dismissal and delusion. There are certain interesting points which appear when one goes through the explanations of these lies in the essay, which are-1. The lies have made such a place in our personal lives that we do adopt them and dont spend a penny that we are indulging in the activity of lying per se.2. There are lies which we ourselves indulge into at individual level(now almost unconsciously) like facades, ignoring p lain facts, deflecting and omission where as in some cases we are subjected to lies regularly by others like in the case of stereotypes and clichs, group think, dismissal and delusion. 3. In todays society when we are so altered to lies that we shift our position and form the part of any of the categorized lies without remorse.4. We have to lay down our lines to mend our course towards lies. And for this we have to start with ourselves. Writer has most suitably quoted the country songs line in this regard that Youve got to stand for something or youll fall for anything.In my opinion, I score (Personal Experience) Given exampleI agree with the writer about the indulgence of lying in our lives and the issue of start addressing it at an individual level. We all are suffering from this and will continue to suffer if we dont take charge of our individual lives. Our main job is that we are waiting for others to change so that we can follow them comfortably. Ironically, others are doing the same. We all say and understand that our lives are full of lies and really dislike it too, but eventually keep on practicing the same way of life. In fact over a period of time our society has turned out to be a bunch of Hypocrites who dislike hypocrisy and lies In my childhood, I was taught in school that how bad it is to say a lie the same thing was being hammered in me by my parents and relatives. On the other hand, I can not even count the number of time I

Pfizer Business Trends Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Pfizer Business Trends - Assignment Example aspect at the graph above, the exercise of Pfizer has been ever on the increase since 2008. If the ac telephoner assumes an investment of $100 in 2008, the graph shows that, in 2009, the company reinvested either dividends and the amount of investment was $108.3. Similarly in the other years, it was $108.6 in 2010, $139.8 in 2011, $168.4 and $212.5 in 2012 and 2013 respectively. This shows a steady rise and a tremendous increase in the companys investment level every year. This, as well, shows that, the value of the companys sh ars has been increasing steady in the stock exchange market. Profitability, therefore, can be deduced from the graph as the companys performance shows clearly that it is profitable as the level of the shareholders dividends keep on rising steady every year. Since everyone who wants to invest in a company would benefit through the companys dividends that it pays to the shareholders, I would therefore not hesitate f rom investing in this company as it shows a prospectus prox for its investors.The current stock price for this company is $29.96 with its daily high being at $30.27 magical spell its mean solar day diminished standing at $29.85. Since its current stock price in the NYSE is higher than its day low, it means that the companys stock is doing well and is on the increase. Its 52 weeks high stands at $32.96 while its 52 weeks high stands at $27.12. This also shows that the current price is not lower than the 52 weeks low hence the company is doing well in the stock exchange market. That is, its shares are profitable or they are gaining value in the NYSE. The company currently has a volume of shares that amounts to 54,908,700 shares (Pfizer, Shareholders Services Cost Basis Calculator, 2014).When the companys performance is compared to other companies performance in the same industry, as indicated by the graph, and the graph assumes that all these companies invested $100 in 2008, henc e creating a benchmark for all

Stages of a Criminal Trial Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Stages of a Criminal Trial - Essay typefaceDepending on the inclemency of the crime, after the booking procedure the defendant is either held in custody or released sooner trial. During the O.J. Simpson criminal proceedings there was a period before Simpsons initial arrest, as the nationals high media profile resulted in increased legal scrutiny. Eventually Simpson was allowed to turn himself in, before which he started a bronco chase throughout Los Angeles. The O.J. Simpson trial was a serious case and resulted in grand jury proceedings. The grand jury is a special collection of jury members that meet and steady down whether the government should issue a grand jury indictment. In the O.J. Simpson trial the grand jury met and obdurate to issue an indictment against O.J. Simpson for double murder.The next stage of the criminal trial is the arraignment proceedings. During the arraignment proceedings the defendant pleads guilty, non guilty, or no contest (Criminal law stages, 20 11). At O.J. Simpsons arraignment proceeding he pleaded not guilty. During the arraignment proceedings the court also sets bail. Bail allows the defendant to go free before the criminal proceedings in exchange for a cash deposit. During the O.J. Simpson trail bail was denied by the court system because of the severity of the crime. Notably, many criminal cases are resolved during the arraignment proceedings, as the criminal defendant reaches a plea placement with the prosecution. Following the arraignment proceedings, are the pre-trial motions. The pre-trial motions occur without jury observation and function to establish what evidence and testimony result be admissible during the trial (Criminal law stages, 2011). During the O.J. Simpson pre-trial hearings, in addition to issues of admissibility, the trial was moved from Santa Monica to business district Los Angeles.Following these stages, the criminal proceedings move to the main trial stage. This stage is the heart of the crimi nal case and involves

Global Warming Video Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Global Warming Video Analysis - Essay moralInhofes view is that although he initially accepted the understanding that worldly concern were the primary culprits in globular climate change (then called global warming), the recent data which has come to light indicates that in fact humans only account for but a very small circumstances of total C02 emissions. As such, Inhofe goes on to state that the fact of the matter is that the Kyoto Accords occupy become a massive liability to the American civilian in the form of costing him/her many thousands of dollars each and either year as a range of the deadweight loss that is attributed to any nation that signs onto the Accords. Furthermore, Inhofe goes on to state that a large number of the scientists who originally bandwagon in concert and signaled their agreement with the human causation of global warming and supported such a belief have since, almost to the individual, begun to back down and take a more tempered approach to the iss ue. Although few atomic number 18 coming out denying that humanity has little if anything to do with climate change, few among those initial activists that pushed for the Kyoto Accords are inveterate to argue for the same logic that initially persuaded them to become active during that period. An obvious criticism of Inhofes acid of view is, of course, the fact that even though human beings do not contribute to the lions share of CO2 emissions, the fact remains that humanity is responsible for a larger and larger percentage of total CO2 output. As such, it is only logical to assume that the Earths ability to replace this back to oxygen as forests continue to be decimated and a higher and higher ratio of industrial nations belch out metric ton after metric ton of CO2 each and every year.

Identity Theft Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

individuation Theft - Essay causeThe main focus is on the theft of identity using computer. The next section aims at explaining what individualism theft means furthering which the problems are touched upon.The loss and ravish of personal identification information is called Identity theft. Personal identification information like a social security number, name, place of birth, mothers maiden name, phone number, etc. act as the only information that identify an individual. This information is employ for different purposes like opening a bank account, stealing money, pension payouts or to gain whatsoever other benefits. The loss of any of the information can help the id thieves to use this and create a current id for themselves. The thieves become the accused and the person whose id is stolen becomes the victim. A victim can face major consequences with the loss of identity. The misuse of identity of an individual can lead the individual to suffer from bad credits, incorrect cri minal acquisitions (Consumer Report, 2008).With the invariable improvements in technology, there has also been an increase in the mis-utilisation of the available technology to steal peoples identities or other types of frauds. One of the biggest issues has been that of the influence of Internet over the increase of the frauds. With the increased exercise of the Internet, it has been illustrious that there have been an increase fraudulent activities over the Internet as well. There is a luck of information that flows around the Internet at any given point in time, with the increased usage of the Internet for different facilities like payments of bills, online bookings, e- shopping, etc (Chad, 2004). All these activities involve a lot of personal information rootless all over the Internet. The Internet identity theft differs from the normal form of identity theft in a number of ways. In this form of theft the victim will not be

Great chain of being Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Great chain of being - Term Paper ExampleHowever, the passage of time dictum this trend slowly fade away and the classes that were hitherto much respected soon lost significance. A good example of this can be seen from the Tudor Dynasty which tried as hard as it could to assign the existence of the classes but at the same time developed policies that weakened the chain further.According to Bucholz and aboriginal (87), the Great Chain of Being was a system of governance that classified the English people by class, age and sex. From the divisions, it was able to differentiate who was and was not a knight, an esquire, or a gentleman (Bucholz and Key 11). The starting signal of this class was the royalty and gentlemen who were the rulers of the community. This was the followed by the gentlemen and even among the gentlemen, there were still classes where the first and principal were the king, dukes, among others while future(a) to these were knights, esquires, and simple gentlemen. D espite the strong social hierarchy, the passage of time saw this chain becoming weaker and weaker with the mop up coming during the Tudor Dynasty. However, the Tudor Dynasty struggled to maintain the chain but at the same time carried bring out policies and actions that only led to weaken the Great Chain of Being further (Key and Bucholz 17).In the beginning of the fifteenth century, the England went through a series of wars that affected both the economy and leadership of the nation. Following the war that was departure on in the West Country, the king together with his advisers chose Richard, the then duke of York to be the protector of the Realm. By 1461, the duke of vitellus rebelled against the Lancastrian monarchy that he had sworn to serve loyally. Soon after Richard had taken the throne, he was killed in chilliness blood by his own son Edward who took power in 1461. However, the Lancastrians went on making rival claims base on origin as well as formal vows of loyalty a nd this led to widespread delirium in the entire country. During the 1460s and

Church Growth Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

perform maturement - Essay ExampleIt non only tells closely the principles but also tells us that why we want to grow It tells us about the core motivations behind church growth. It tells us about the relationship between leadership and church growth. It gives translation about larger and smaller churches.Chapters seventeen, eighteen and nineteen speak about the basic principles of the Church Growth movement. This movement is based upon the use of sociological devices in order to attract new converts. The next judgement that the author tells the reader in chapter 20 is that of laity and ministry. This section states that for both pastors and the other laity in that respect are different things that must take place, which are not ever pleasing and difficult to do. bingle of the most thrilling principles of church growth is to set free laity to do the work of ministry1. Chapters twenty one till twenty six chronicle the various strategies that have been used by the Church Gro wth movement in order to improve its clout and influence. Numerical strength will always help Christianity while every effort should be conducted in order to capture the heart of possible converts. The remaining chapters focus on the organization, planning, and preparation of the Church Growth movement. Church planting is the next idea of this book.

Structure of proposal, summarise major components of research Essay Example for Free

Structure of proposal, summarise major components of search EssayThe objective of this research is to assess the bear on of food garden projects on the becomelihoods of communities on household and community levels. Also, to assess the impact of the food garden initiatives, in the reduction of food peril and beggary. The objectives are also to describe and gauge the impact of Government and conglomerate role players, assistance in the sustainability of the food garden projects in various regions. The study will be conducted in various regions in the Western ness, where various departments and role players launched projects on world food day. In the year 2014 Suurbrak was the community identified by the Department of Agriculture the chemical group/aim for the year was Family Farming Feeding the world, caring for the earth. In the year 2015 Pella was the community identified by various role players the theme for 2015 was Social Protection and Agriculture Breaking the cycl e of rural poverty.The year 2016 Graafwater was identified as the community and launched on World fodder Day.Numerous pot crosswise the globe live in extreme poverty and are faced with food insecurity. Food insecurity is a major issue especially in rural communities, that rely directly on resources at their disposal. Safety Nets are usually an aid to sooth or assist in reducing food insecurity in rural communities, through Governmental projects implemented. In the Western mantelpiece province, rural communities rely on support programmes form NGOs or Government projects to reduce food insecurity and to Sustain their Livelihoods. The Western Cape Province also experience elevated levels of food insecurity and malnutrition due to extreme poverty conditions that exceed in rural communities.Key Words Food insecurity, Food Security, Poverty reduction, Sustainable Livelihoods, Food garden initiatives,Title Assessing Food garden initiatives/projects to alleviate food insecurity and as sessing the impact of the projects on the Livelihoods of communities A slip Study in the Western CapeBackground to the ResearchThe numerous Food garden projects was launched by various role players to eliminate poverty and to increase food security.Problem Statement Primary centre of the Research, Question formatProblem Statement1.1 The City of Cape Town, like any other cities in South Africa, faces high rates of poverty and inequality. Poverty remains a real and alarming problem. It is estimated that 22.1% of residents live in poverty.1.2 Poverty is multi-dimensional and manifests in many ways. One of the key manifestations for people who are suffering is a lack of access to prefatorial services such as, food, water, electricity and sanitation which improves quality of life. Access to basic services significantly affects the lives of women and girls who are often tasked with household chores. Although, the 2011 Census reports that 87.28% of people living in Cape Town have acces s to piped water, 90.20% to a toilet facility, 93.98% to electricity and 94.94% to refuse removal services, challenges exist in providing quality services that are sufficient, efficient, affordable and appropriate to meet the inescapably of communities.1.3 Poverty is both a cause and result of marginalisation. Many susceptible groups such as women, children, the elderly and people with disabilities are overrepresented amongst the poor and they face a range of complex social, economic, cultural and physical barriers in getting out of poverty.1.4 Food security is generally viewed as closely related to poverty. Research in Khayelitsha, Philippi and Ocean View1 indicated that iv out of ten households in Cape Towns poor areas go without food at least once a week because they cannot afford to buy it. Poverty disproportionately affects female-headed households and makes them especially vulnerable to food insecurity.1.5 Poverty and food insecurity are linked to poor health and it also g ravely affects the healthy development of children. Food insecurity may result in malnutrition which has long-term physical and developmental effects.1.6 The City of Cape Town is committed to addressing poverty and improving the quality of life of all people living in the city, particularity people who are poor, vulnerable or marginalised. The Social Development dodge sets out how the City plans to do this. However, there is a need to articulate the interventions aimed at meeting the needs of the poor who may be helped through food garden initiatives amongst other interventions1.7 The City needs to array its efforts aimed at alleviating the plight of the most vulnerable with the work that is done at a national and idyll level. Provincial Government fund and implements a number of programmes aimed at addressing poverty through sustainable hold programmes or projects. There is a need to ensure that the work done by all spheres of governing body in the city is strategic and has the maximum impact.Key Research QuestionsDetailed Literature Review immenseness of the ResearchMethodologyTimescale/ Research PlanningHypothesisList of Reference

Cyberbullying among teens and adolescents Essay Example for Free

Cyber yobing among teens and adolescents canvassCyberbullying among Teens and AdolescencesCyberbullying is one of the major problems over the internet. This typecast of bullying involves technology and communication, such as the internet, tender media, text, calls, and blogs. Cyberbullying happens when thither is an imbalance among mickle over the internet, where someone purposefully says hurtful words to a next individual. population from the divers(prenominal) race, age, class, and culture suffer from different types of cyberbullying through technology. According to Prince Edward, Cyberbullying is being cruel to a nonher soul by sending or posting hurtful materials using the cyber post or cell forebode (Prince Edward). Cyberbullying affects humans well-disposedly, emotionally, intellectually and physically. Over the years cyberbullying take become more popular among teen and adolescence because their mental thinking is non fully developed and they act without thin king.The internet has become more available to the junior generation in different parts of the world. Trisha Prabhu mentions that adolescents brain is like a car without brakes no stopping, no thinking, and no considering. She further mentions that adolescent brains develop from the back, which sloppeds that the front part of their brain is not fully developing until age 25 (Trisha Prabhu). The cortex is an important aspect of thinking and decision making, which is not fully developed in adolescence. This is the main reason some adolescence act without thinking because they are not mature to make decisions on their own.Cyberbullying is a big problem among adolescent and teens. They have become victims of social media violence, which causes depression and suicidal thinking among their peers. Bullying has been around for a very long time, even forward the internet. I remember when I was in high school some returning students used to bully some of the freshman students by writing on their uniforms. Some of the statements were, You are such a dick, null and you deserve to die. This happened before I had internet access in my school. redbreast Kowalski states that As more people turn to the Internet for school, work, and social use, so too do more people turn to the Internet to take out their frustration and aggression (Robin Kowalski). I think Robin Kowalski statement is too public because I believe that it is mostly teens and adolescents who take out their frustration and aggression on the internet, which leads to cyberbullying that push small fry to commit suicidal.According to Prince Edwards, Increasing numbers of teens and pre-teens are becoming victims of this new form of violence. Although many another(prenominal) different terms such as cyberbullying, internet harassment, and internet bullying has been used to describe this type of violence, electronic aggression is the term that most accurately captures all types of violence that occur electronica lly. Like tralatitious forms of youth violence, electronic aggression is associated with emotional distress and conduct problems at school. In fact, recent research by CDC suggests that youth who are victimized electronically are in any case very likely to also be victimized off-line (Prince Edwards).Some teen and adolescence take part in cyberbullying because they believe it is a type of entertainment that gives them pleasure and satisfaction. Trisha Prabhu states, that Rebecca Sedwick an eleven years old girl from Florida received some mean words on social media, such as go kill yourself, you are so ugly, why are you still alive? (Trisha Prabhu). This shows how adolescents are evil and wicked to their own kind. These words could lead Rebecca to go kill herself because of what her peer think about her. Social media is just an addition extension towards bullying among adolescents, this is a new device that they can use locally and internationally to bully more persons in their so cial space. I totally agreed with Prince Edwards that technology should bring people to croakher instead, it is used to abuse each other pushing peers out of their social network and pushing them into loneliness, embarrassment, fear or shame. (Prince Edwards). Social media have taken a different toll on teens and adolescents life in society. Sometimes people side of meat bullying because they do not fit in the norm of their peers social space and their peers use that against them to push them out. As Alix Lambert mentions in her video, it either you fit in or get out, therefore it is a culture of deformity (Alix Lambert). It is great that Schobel created an app that allows students to anonymously report bullying, but how many children are brave enough to report the matter? Some of the students that face bullying, sometimes upload or share a goodbye video to the world or close friends.Works CitedAn App That Let Kids cogitation Cyberbullies Anonymously. n.d.Dont blame the bully, blam e the system . Perf. Alix Lambert. 2014.Edward, Prince. Taking Stock of CYBERBULLYING Taking Stock of CYBERBULLYING (n.d.).Lattanner, Robin M. KowalskiGary W. GiumettiAmber N. SchroederMicah R. Bullying in the Digital Age A Critical Review and Meta-Analysis of Cyberbullying Research Among Youth . (2014).Rethinking before you type. Perf. Trisha Prabhu. 2014.

Poetrys Influences on the Harlem Renaissance Essay Example for Free

Poetrys Influences on the Harlem metempsychosis EssayRacial equation has been the emergence of many expires for centuries. Many of those works werent written by those actually affected by inequality. During the 1920s African the Statesns began to express their opinions on the issue more frequently by dint of the liberal arts. Poetry was among the nigh prominent forms of art used for spreading equality and furtherice. Poets wish well Langston Hughes, Countee Cullen, and Claude McKay wrote many poems that spoke on equality in society. African Americans felt betrayed after the civil war. They had given their lives and after the war nothing had changed (Cartwright, The Harlem conversion). They were still not tempered equal and didnt get paid as much as any other worker. During the 1920s they started a cultural and racial run intoment in Harlem, New York called the Harlem Renaissance. The Harlem Renaissance was a fourth dimension of growth of African Americans during the 19 20s. During this time ideas on equality and freedom spread through the African American community like wild fire. African Americans were expressing their emotions almost racial equality in many different fashions (Rau 167).Some chose song more or less chose painting or jazz. They used these arts to highlight the injustices they saw in their e genuinelyday lives. 1. Langston Hughes Langston Hughes is one the most well know poets of the Harlem Renaissance. Hughes was born in 1902 in Joplin, Missouri (Rampersad, Hughess flavor and Career). His beginnings were more humble than most. At a very young age Langstons Hughes parents divorced. After the divorce Hughes moved to Lincoln with his grandmother. This is where he began to write meter (The Academy of American poets, Langston Hughes).Hughes ideals were closely based around his grandfather, who was a militant abolitionist (Rampersad, Hughess Life and Career) His rime was influenced by many poets who shared his colorful compositi on style (The Academy of American poets, Langston Hughes). Hughes lived his life as he wrote, with passion. After high school Hughes spent a year in Mexico with his father who disliked his passion for writing and urged him to stop. At that time Hughes was beginning to get published in a number of send offs like magazines and childrens book.During this time he was noticed but W. E. B Dubois. Upon Hughes devote to America he enrolled in Colombia University in New York. Hughes did not like the atmosphere at Colombia so after a year he left. After Columbia he moved to New York and began work on a freighter. This job took him to many places. He traveled to the coast of Africa, Spain, and Paris. ( Rampersad, Hughes Life and Career)He cease up staying in Paris for a couple of months this is where he began practicing a new style of poetry there. Hughes writing style was a muckle different from the others.Throughout his life time Hughes wrote many poems that showed gross experiences tha t all African Americans shared. Hughes never discussed the differences between his life and the lives of other Africans Americans. His poetry always showed the negative and authoritative sides of the African American experience. Hughes may train seen both sides of African Americans but when it came to issues between African Americans and Caucasians he had strong opinions. He (Rampersad, Hughess Life and Career) wrote many poems that touched on the controversial topics of that time.In poems like I, Too and The nergo speaks rivers Hughes talked about the struggles that African Americans went through. (Poetry Foundation and the National Endowment for the Arts, Langston Hughes). Hughes used his dislike for Caucasians a lot in his poetry. 2. Countee Cullen Countee Cullen might not have reached the fame that Langston Hughes has over the days but his poetry was just as influential. Countee Cullen was born in May 30, 1903 in New York when his grandmother died in 1918 Cullen was put unde r the grip of Reverend Fredrick A.Cullen. Cullens connection to the Salem Methodist Episcopal church through Reverend Cullen situated him in the center of black politics and culture at the age of 15. This gave him a more outlawed education. Instead of learning regular writing and math like other children his age he was taught about black ideals. Most of his education was provided by completely white influences. This gave him a well rounded serve at racism. (Poetry Foundation, Countee Cullen). This was often shown in his writing.Cullens writing technique would never directly attack Caucasians like other poets during the Harlem renaissance. He was a new voice for the African Americans, one that was actually listened too Cullen have from New York University in 1925 as Phi Beta Kappa. At that time he was already writing some of the acclaimed poems published in books by Harper and Brothers Color (1925), Copper Sun (1927). He won initiatory prize in the Witter Bynner Contest in 1925 .Graduating with a Harvard University M. A. egree in 1926, the poet traveled to France as a Guggenheim Fellow(A grant). Upon his run off in 1928, he married Yolanda Du Bois, daughter of W. E. B. Du Bois. She divorced him two years later, saying that he told her he was sexually attracted to men. From 1934 on, Cullen taught English and French at the Frederick Douglas Junior High School, though he declined a originative Literature invitation from Fisk University in Nashville. In 1940 he married an old friend, Ida Mae Roberson. (The Harvard Square Library, Countee Cullen He died in 1946 of gastrointestinal disorderCullens upbringing helped his poetry reach both African American and Caucasian audiences. Cullen was adequate to(p) to do something most African American poets in the Harlem renaissance couldnt and that was reaching both sides. Cullen was against the way that African Americans were treated but he also understood not all Caucasians had the same ideals. He was brought up with Caucasians in his life which causes him to show a less offensive type of poetry. Cullens poetry often presented the sad side of an African Americans life (Poetry Foundation, Countee Cullen).The poem The Little Brown Boy tells of the destruction of a young black boy (Nelson and Smethurst, Countee Cullen poems). This shows the method of persuasion he used. Countees poetrys influence reached many and his voice spread far. 3. Claude McKay In 1889 Claude McKay was born in sunny vile, Jamaica to peasant farmers. His spurn class up bringing taught him how to love himself and have pride in his African heritage. Similar to Cullen, McKay was unconventionally taught as well. McKay was home schooled by his older brother and neighbors. He studied romantics and many other European based things.In adult hood he moved to Kingston which would be the first time that he had actually experienced racism he was immediately disgusted with the way that African Americans were treated and returned home di sgusted. Once he returned to sunny vile he published his first verse of poetry. (Academy of American Poets, Claude McKay) After hearing about Booker T. Washingtons Tuskegee institute he decided to move to Alabama and enroll. There he sees American racism for the first time. McKay took a lot of his influence for his writing from similar poets to Langston (University of Illinois, Claude McKays Life).As early as 1912 he had published his first masses of verse, Songs of Jamaica, which had been widely praised and had won a medal for poetry. McKay slowly decided not to return to Jamaica and stayed in America. In 1914 he left college and began work menial jobs typical of the African American in the Northern cities of America at that time. At different periods he worked as wheelwright, porter, dishwasher, waiter, and longshoreman. McKay didnt take his jobs very seriously they were just a matter of earning enough cash to quit for a while and write.McKays interest in politics led him to the socialist like many other artist. He was associate editor of The Liberator, a socialist U. S. journal of art and literature. In 1923-24mckay went to Moscow, Russia to be a part of the Bolshevik Revolution. As a African American, McKay was used to show the soviets commitment to racial equality, and he was treated like royalty, being extravagantly entertained and exhibited on platforms with the most famous revolutionary leaders. But McKay was skeptical of all this, though he had sympathy for the lives lost in to the Revolution.Claude traveled the world trying to find a peaceful place to write. He went to Morocco and France. In 1928 he published his famous novel, Home to Harlem, which was a national best-seller in the U. S. and was at once a literary sensation. ( Though McKay reached great success in his life he died impoverished and unappreciated. Claude McKays experience with the racism in Alabama was the basis for a lot of his writing. McKay more geared towards the sanction of bl acks and less toward equality. McKay wanted to show that African Americans werent just equal but they were better.A lot of his poetry was written to show how much power African Americans had. (Academy of American Poets, Claude McKay) in the poem If We essential Die McKay writes about how African Americans must fight as hard as they can pull down if the end result is death. This poem says a lot about McKays style of writing. In the years after the Harlem renaissance African Americans expressed themselves more often than ever before. The Harlem renaissances effect on African Americans was obvious. Free ideas were flowing and battles were being fought for equal rights.In the thirties no one had much money so African Americans had even less opportunities for work. Each of these poets had a different style and finesse but there messages were all the same. They all grew up as African Americans and they all experienced racism in some way shape or form. They all took those situations and used them to empower those around them. Claude McKay, Countee Cullen, and Langston Hughes might have all had different writing styles but they all played a major role in the growth of African Americans in the United States of America.

Capitalization of Gender in Edna Millays Essay Example for Free

Capitalization of Gender in Edna Millays EssayThe praise has experienced many modifications and innovations through come come on of the closet the ages. Edna St. Vincent Millays I, Being Born a Woman and demented and Elizabeth Barrett browns Sonnet 43, both Petrarchan sonnets, have diversified and helped pave the way for future fe manful poets. In order to address and benefit on ideas of gender connected to sonnet form and content, Edna Millay and Elizabeth Browning both revolutionize the traditional male-dominated sonnet form as distaffs, Browning expresses overly sentimental and passionate emotion through content and Millay contradicts the favorable norm of female sexuality as well through content. Millay and Browning revolt against the male-dominated sonnet. Popular among openhanded male poets, the sonnet was deemed unworthy for females, as men were far more than educated and capable of fulfilling its senior high standards and strict guidelines. Both poets proved com mon beliefs wrong by excelling in the sonnet form. They used the Petrarchan sonnet, contend close attention to rhyme scheme and using iambic pentameter.They even incorporated the Volta between the musical octave and sestet, while using the first three lines in the sestet to introduce the change in nicety and the last three lines in the sestet to conclude, invariably identical to the traditional Italian sonnet. At a time where women did not even have the right to vote, Millay and Browning both struggled to find a step up in poetry writing, especially the sonnet form in which their predecessors were all male. The literary cannon and the amative Era consisted of all male poets who directed the sonnets to their bashrs in regard to express their profound appreciation.Love has been the preferred sonnet theme since the 1300s when the sonnet was created and both, Millay and Browning, stuck with the same traditional concept of love and lust as their topic. Being one of the most popula r, sought out forms of poetry, the sonnet was the perfect way for nineteenth-century women to get out into the limelight and start a feminist movement. Or possibly, women poets stumbled toward the sonnet form due to its oppressive rules of rhyme scheme, structural shifts, meter and syllable count, it provided them a ready-made metaphor, suggesting difficulties in communication.Extremely restrained, the sonnet form helped make inexpressibility app bent, it thus presented women sonneteers with an irony that revealed their circumstances of restricted speech and forced silence. Female poets, who incorporated the strict sonnet form, at a time difficult for women to freely embark in the lyric tradition, did so only to incite gender variance. Elizabeth Browning uses exceedingly sentimental emotions in her Sonnet 43. She either does so for jest at or freedom for women to express themselves.By the use of such diction she is using satire and jeer of overly melodramatic reactions and feeli ngs of a typical woman. With my lost saints -I love thee with the breath,/ Smiles, tears, of all my life (12-13), even with the custom of several exclamation marks, she creates emphasis on the over exaggeration. In her Sonnet 43, Browning proclaims the pleasure love brings and pleads for a complete surrender to love, which seems far too corny. Or perhaps, she is just being herself, demonstrating to fellow females to be confident and unafraid of articulating and communicating your feelings.Following the thematic convention of rhyme scheme and iambic pentameter, Browning either wants to represent stereotypical females with her portrayal of unrealistic sensations or she wants to prove that even a all told feminine sonnet can create attentiveness to gender difference. Edna Millay challenges the social standards of female sexuality. Millays song explores a female-centred perspective which opposes the widespread male-dominated presumptions of women.It is indeed a very sexual poem, div ine revelation her sexual affection and intentions to a particular man. Female sexuality was silenced in those times and rarely did women speak so openly and fearlessly of personal matters. She created a new realm of subject matters to women authors and helped support a change state approach to life. The style of her poetry is formal with typical meter and rhyme scheme. Critics have repeatedly pointed out her bizarre connection of conventional poetic forms and structures with completely unconventional ideas and expressions.We must recognize and appreciate Millay for revealing the love em and leave em tactic normally exercised by males. However, because of the poets reversed gender, this strategy seems more modern, harmless and considerably humorous. There is irony and originality in a female using such mutinous content, perhaps she is scrutinizing normal male intentions, as it is regularly the women who are hurt in the end because they ache for a relationship while the men are o nly looking for sex.The form may contract validity of tradition while the content concurrently mocks tradition. With the help of this poem she gained a reputation of a free-spirited and revolutionary social figure whose work followed her commemoration of life. Edna Millays poem fights for sexual freedom originally claimed by men, it fights for equality of the double standard that exists, which inhibits female sexuality and encourages male sexuality.Writing as women has led them to hang counter to their culture and against the grain of time to echo Pounds words. Edna St. Vincent Millays I, Being Born a Woman and Distressed and Elizabeth Barrett Brownings Sonnet 43 redefine the standards of genre and gender norms. Millay and Browning both revolt against the regularly male sonnet form, they were attracted to its structural affinity to promote gender variance. Browning creates emphasis using ordinary female emotions, while Millay challenges normality of female sexuality.However at the same time there are transparent contrasts apparent, Brownings poetry has a feminine quality with such passion and sentimentality while Millays poetry has a masculine quality, as it resists sentimentality with her ability to look beyond the status quo and her completely opposite life-style of love affairs. However, both poets attempt to reconcile with convention while contributing to gender capitalization, hoping to establish variegation equally valid for females. Both are icons for womanhood, both are masters of the sonnet forms and both are nurturers of ambition, independence, outspokenness and flaunting sexuality.

Good Members of Society Essay Example for Free

Good Members of Society EssaySome people calculate that p atomic number 18nts should indoctrinate children how to be good members of society. Others, however, believe that school is the place to learn this.Discuss two these views and give your effectEducation plays an important role in our lives for shaping us to become good members in society. Nowadays, twain parents and schools actively take part in the process educating their children. While some people view that the parents are primarily responsible for checking their children to become responsible members in society, others believe that it is the responsibility of the schools. However, in my opinion, both parents and schools have a role to play in guiding children in the right path for a peaceful society.Home is the first school and parents are first teachers of ours. Because during the childhood they teach us how to let the cat out of the bag and behave to someone in society. Other way parents own behavior is also a ffect to their children and they enamour these easily musical composition they are child. Then they are going to be formed how they see and hear. by and by children will show their experience to the others what they learn from their parents. Thats why parents must be careful while they are teaching their children because they are seriously responsible from their children.Although school is the best place for the children to learn and to be o good person. At school they meet with many people and do their activities together with their classmates. Children give notice learn how to act and have a good attitude. Teachers, except teaching many subjects they also teach to the children how to have o good behavior with their friends, parents or neighborhoods. Thats why, parents always have a large(p) hope from school to help them for creating their children to be o good person. In my view I think that good parents are good teachers and both of them have their own role in our society.

Optical Computing Essay Example for Free

opthalmic Com prep atomic number 18ing EssayJainam Shah Kalol Institute Of Technology, Kalol, Gujarat, India. emailprotected AbstractOptics has been employ in computing for a number of years but the main emphasis has been and continues to be to link portions of computers, for communications, or more in and of itself in devices that lend oneself up some opthalmic application or comp integritynt ( optic pattern recognition, etc). visual digital computers be still some years away, however a number of devices that brush off ultimately hint to real visual computers arrive already been manu accompanimentu florid, including opthalmic logic gates, visual switches, optical interconnections, and optical retentivity. The most(prenominal) likely near-term optical computer will really be a hybrid composed of conventional architectural design along with some portions that can perform some kneadal operations in optical mode.Computing applications as a consequence of faster tou ch speed, as well as better connectivity and high gearer bandwidth. II. NEED FOR optical COMPUTING The pressing need for optical technology stems from the fact that todays computers ar circumscribed by the time response of electronic circuits. A unfluctuating transmission medium limits both the speed and volume of signals, as well as construct up heat that damages components. One of the theoretical limits on how fast a computer can function is given by Einsteins principle that signal cannot propagate faster than speed of take off away. So to make computers faster, their components must(prenominal) be smaller and there by decrease the distance among them. This has resulted in the development of very large scale integration (VLSI) technology, with smaller device dimensions and greater complexity. The smallest dimensions of VLSI nowadays are about 0.08mm.Despite the incredible progress in the development and refinement of the basic technologies over the away decade, there i s growing concern that these technologies may not be capable of solving the computing problems of as yet the menstruum millennium. The speed of computers was straind by miniaturizing electronic components to a very small micron-size scale, but they are limited not only by the speed of electrons in matter but also by the change magnitude density of interconnections necessary to link the electronic gates on microchips. The optical computer comes as a solution of miniaturization problem. Optical info processing can perform some(prenominal) operations in parallel much faster and easier than electrons. This parallelism helps in staggering computational power. For example a computer science that takes a conventional electronic computer more than 11 years to complete could be performed by an optical computer in a single hour. Any way we can sustain that in an optical computer, electrons are replaced by photons, the subatomic bits of electromagnetic radiation that make up elucidat e.I. INTRODUCTION With the ripening of computing technology the need of high process computers (HPC) has significantly increased. Optics has been used in computing for a number of years but the main emphasis has been and continues to be to link portions of computers, for communications, or more per se in devices that have some optical application or component (optical pattern recognition etc.) Optical computing was a hot research area in 1980s.But the work tapered off ascribable to materials limitations that prevented opt chips from getting small enough and cheap enough beyond laboratory curiosities. Now, optical computers are back with advances in self-assembled conducting organic polymers that promise super-tiny of all optical chips. Optical computing technology is, in general, developing in deuce directions.One come is to build computers that have the said(prenominal) architecture as presend day computers but victimisation optics that is Electro optical hybrids. Another ap proach is to generate a only new kind of computer, which can perform all functional operations in optical mode. In recent years, a number of devices that can ultimately lead us to real optical computers have already been manufactured. These include optical logic gates, optical switches, optical interconnections and optical memory. Current trends in optical computing emphasize communications, for example the use of free space optical interconnects as a potential difference solution to remove Bottlenecks experienced in electronic architectures. Optical technology is one of the most promising, and may eventually lead to newIII. SOME KEY OPTICAL COMPONENTS FOR COMPUTING The major break dones on optical computing have been nerve centered on the development of micro-optic devices for entropy input. A. VCSEL (Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Laser) VCSEL (pronounced vixel) is a semiconducting material vertical cavity surface emitting laser diode that emits swooning in a cylindrical irradiation vertically from the surface of a fabricated wafer, and offers significant advantages when compared to the edge-emitting lasers presently used in the majority of persona optic communications devices. The principle involved in the operation of a VCSEL is very similar to those of timed lasers.Fig. 2. Optical Interconnection Of Circuit Boards Using Vcsel And PhotodiodeVCSEL alter the electrical signal to optical signal when the erupt pricks are passed through a pair of lensees and micro reverberates. Micromirrors are used to direct the light beams and this light rays is passed through a polymer thriveguide which serves as the path for transmitting data instead of copper wires in electronic computers. Then these optical beams are again passed through a pair of lenses and sent to a photodiode. This photodiode convert the optical signal back to the electrical signal. B. SLM (Spatial Light Modulators) SLM play an important role in several technical areas where the control of light on a pel-by-pixel basis is a key element, such as optical processing and displays. 1) SLM For Display Purposes Fig. 1. Two semiconductor materials sandwiching an active layerThere are two special semiconductor materials sandwiching an active layer where all the action takes place. But rather than reflective ends, in a VCSEL there are several layers of partially reflective mirrors above and be starting time the active layer. Layers of semiconductors with differing compositions perform these mirrors, and each mirror reflects a narrow range of wavelengths back in to the cavity in place to cause light emission at just one wavelength.For display purposes the desire is to have as many an(prenominal) pixels as possible in as small and cheap a device as possible. For such purposes designing silicon chips for use as spatial light modulators has been effective. The basic idea is to have a set of memory cells laid out on a regular grid. These cells are electrically connected to m etal mirrors, such that the voltage on the mirror depends on the value stored in the memory cell. A layer of optically active transparent vitreous silica is sandwiched between this array of mirrors and a arrange of glass with a conductive coating. The voltage between individual mirrors and the front electrode affects the optical activity of liquid crystal in that neighborhood. Hence by being able to individually program the memory locations one can set up a pattern of optical activity in the liquid crystal layer. C.Smart Pixel TechnologySmart pixel technology is a relatively new approach to integrating electronic circuitry and optoelectronic devices in a common framework. The purpose is to leverage the advantages of each individual technology and leave improved performance for specific applications. Here, the electronic circuitry provides complex functionality and programmability age the optoelectronic devices provide high-speed electrical switch and compatibility with existin g optical media. Arrays of these refreshing pixels leverage the parallelism of optics for interconnections as well as computation. A smart pixel device, a light emitting diode under the control of a field effect transistor can now be made entirely out of organic materials on the same substrate for the first time. In general, the benefit of organic over conventional semiconductor electronics is that they should lead to cheaper, lighter, circuitry that can be printed rather than etched. D. WDM (Wavelength Division Multiplexing) Wavelength division multiplexing is a method of sending many different wavelengths down the same optical fiber. Using this technology, modern networks in which individual lasers can transmit at 10 gigabits per fleck through the same fiber at the same time.which interact with light and modulate its properties. Several of the optical components require efficient-nonlinear materials for their operations. What in fact restrains the widespread use of all optical devices is the in efficiency of currently available nonlinear materials, which require large amount of energy for responding or switching. Organic materials have many features that make them desirable for use in optical devices such as 1) broad(prenominal) nonlinearities 2) Flexibility of molecular design 3) Damage resistance to optical radiations Some organic materials belonging to the furcatees of phthalocyanines and polydiacetylenes are promising for optical thin fritter aways and wave guides.These compounds exhibit strong electronic transitions in the visible region and have high chemical and thermal stability up to 400 degree Celsius. Polydiacetylenes are among the most widely investigated class of polymers for nonlinear optical applications. Their subpicosecond time response to laser signals makes them candidates for high-speed optoelectronics and information processing. To make thin polymer inject for electro-optic applications, NASA scientists dissolve a monomer (the b uilding block of a polymer) in an organic solvent. This solution is then put into a growth cell with a quartz window, shining a laser through the quartz can cause the polymer to deposit in specific pattern. V. ADVANCES IN PHOTONIC SWITCHES Logic gates are the building blocks of any digital system. An optical logic gate is a switch that controls one light beam by another it is ON when the device transmits light and it is OFF when it blocks the light.Fig. 3.a. Wave length division multiplexing b. A WDM SystemWDM can transmit up to 32 wavelengths through a single fiber, but cannot toy the bandwidth requirements of the present day communication systems. So nowadays DWDM (Dense wavelength division multiplexing) is used. This can transmit up to jet wavelengths through a single fiber. That is by using this we can improve the bandwidth efficiency. IV. ROLE OF NLO IN OPTICAL COMPUTING The role of nonlinear materials in optical computing has become extremely significant. Non-linear material s are those, Fig. 4. Optical AND-logic gateTo demonstrate the AND gate in the phthalocyanine film, two focused collinear laser beams are wave guided through a thin film of phthalocyanine. Nanosecond green pulsed NdYAG laser was used unneurotic with a red continuous wave (cw) He-Ne beam. At the output a narrow band strive was set to block the green beam and allow only the He-Ne beam. Then the transmitted beam was find on an oscilloscope. It was found that the transmitted He-Ne cw beam was pulsating with a nanosecond duration and in synchronous with the input NdYAG nanosecond pulse.This demonstrated the characteristic table of an AND logic gate. A. Optical and Gate In an optical NAND gate the phthalocyanine film is replaced by a hollow fiber filled with polydiacetylene. NdYAG green picoseconds laser pulse was sent collinearly with red cw He-Ne laser onto one end of the fiber. At the other end of the fiber a lens was focusing the output on to the narrow slit of a monochromatic with its grating set for the red He-Ne laser. When both He-Ne laser and NdYAG laser are present there will be no output at the oscilloscope. If either one or none of the laser beams are present we get the output at the oscilloscope showing NAND function.faster read-out rates. This research is expected to lead to compact, high ability, rapid-and random-access, and low power and low cost data retention devices necessary for future intelligent spacecraft. The SLMs are used in optical data remembering applications. These devices are used to write data into the optical storage medium at high speed.Fig. 6.Optical DiskMore conventional approaches to holographic storage use ion doped lithium niobate crystals to store pages of data. For audio recordings ,a 150MBminidisk with a 2.5- in diameter has been positive that uses special muscle contraction to shrink a standard CDs640-MB storage capacity onto the smaller polymer substrate. It is rewritable and uses magnetic field transition on optica l material. The mini disc uses one of the two methods to write information on to an optical disk. With the mini disk a magnetic field placed behind the optical disk is play while the intensity of the writing laser is held constant. By switching the polarity of the magnetic field while the laser creates a state of flux in the optical material digital data can be recorded on a single layer. As with all optical storage media a read laser retrieves the data. A. Working The 780nm light emitted from AlGaAs/GaAs laser diodes is collimated by a lens and focused to a diameter of about 1micrometer on the disk. If there is no pit where the light is incident, it is reflected at the Al mirror of the disk and returns to the lens, the depth of the pit is set at a value such that the difference between the path of the light reflected at a pit and theFig. 5.Optical NAND-logic gateVI. OPTICAL MEMORY In optical computing two types of memory are discussed. One consists of arrays of one-bit-store eleme nts and other is mass storage, which is implemented by optical disks or by holographic storage systems. This type of memory promises very high capacity and storage density. The primary benefits offered by holographic optical data storage over current storage technologies include significantly higher storage capacities and path of light reflected at a mirror is an intrinsical multiple of halfwavelength consequently, if there is a pit where light is incident, the amount of reflected light decreases tremendously because the reflected lights are about cancelled by interference.The incident and reflected beams pass through the quarter wave plate and all reflected light is introduced to the photodiode by the beam splitter because of the polarization rotation due to the quarter wave plate. By the photodiode the reflected light, which as a signal whether, a pit is on the disk or not is changed into an electrical signal. VII. APPLICATIONS 1) High speed communications The rapid growth of in ternet, expanding at almost 15% per month, demands faster speeds and larger bandwidth than electronic circuits can provide.Terabits speeds are needed to accommodate the growth rate of internet since in optical computers data is transmitted at the speed of light which is of the order of 3.10*8 m/sec hence terabit speeds are attainable. 2) Optical crossbar interconnects are used in asynchronous transfer modes and Shared memory multiprocessor systems. 3) Process planet data. VIII. MERITS 1) Optical computing is at least 1000 to 100000 times faster than todays silicon machines. 2) Optical storage will provide an extremely optimized way to store data, with space requirements farthermost lesser than todays silicon chips. 3) Super fast searches through databases.4) No short circuits, light beam can cross each other without interfering with each others data 5) Light beams can croak in parallel and no limit to number of packets that can travel in the photonic circuits. 6) Optical computer removes the bottleneck in the present day Communication system IX. DRAWBACKS 1) nows materials require much high power to work in consumer products, coming up with the reclaim materials may take five years or more. 2) Optical computing using a uniform source is simple to compute and understand, but it has many drawbacks like any imperfections or dust on the optical components will create unwanted interference pattern due to scattering effects. Incoherent processing on the other hand cannot store phase information.X. SOME CURRENT RESEARCH High performance computing has gained momentum in recent years, with efforts to optimize all the resources of electronic computing and researcher mavin power in order to increase computing throughput. Optical computing is a topic of current support in many places, with private companies as well as governments in several countries supporting(a) such research work. A group of researchers from the University of Southern California, jointly with a team from the University of California, los angles, have developed an organic polymer with a switching frequency of 60 GHz. This is three times faster than the current industriousness standard, lithium niobate crystal based device.Another group at brown university and the IBM, Alma den research center has used ultrafast laser pulses to build ultra fast data storage devices. This group was able to achieve ultra fast switching down to 100 picoseconds. In Japan , NEC has developed a method for interconnecting circuit boards optically using VCSEL arrays .Another researchers at NTT have designed an optical backplane with free-space optical interconnects using tunable beam deflectors and mirrors. The project achieved 1000 interconnections per printed circuit board with a throughput ranging from 1 to 10 Tb/s. XI. succeeding(a) TRENDS The Ministry of Information Technology has initiated a photonic development program. Under this program some funded projects are continuing in fiber optic hi gh-speed network systems. Research is going on for developingFig.7. Use of optical devices in futureNew laser diodes, photo detectors, and nonlinear material studies for faster switches. Research efforts on an particle thin film or layer studies for display devices are also in progress. At the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Mumbai, efforts are in progress to generate a white light source from a diode case based fiber amplifier system in order to provide WDM communication channels. XII. CONCLUSION Research in optical computing has opened up new possibilities in several fields related to high performance computing, high-speed communications. To design algorithms that execute applications faster, the specific properties of optics must be considered, such as their ability to exploit massive parallelism, and global interconnections. As optoelectronic and smart pixel devices mature, software development will have a major impact in the future and the demonstrate rules for the compu ting may have to be rewritten.XIII. REFERENCES1 2 See for example Chemical and Engineering ews, Photonic Crystals. Assembled on Chip, 79(47), 31 (2001). P. Boffi, D. Piccinin, M.C. Ubaldi, (Eds.), Infrared Holography for Optical Communications echniques,MaterialsandDevices,SpringerTopics in Applied Physics Vol 86, July 2002. Alain Goulet, Makoto Naruse, and Masatoshi Ishikawa, Simple integration technique to realize parallel optical interconnects implementation of a pluggable two-dimensional optical data link, Applied Optics 41, 5538 (2002) Tushar Mahapatra, Sanjay Mishra, Oracle double Processing, OReilly Associates, Inc., Sebastopol, California, USA, 2000. S. J. van Enk, J. McKeever, H. J. Kimble, and J. Ye, Cooling of a single atom in an optical trap inside a resonator, Phys. Rev. A 64, 013407 (2001). A. Dodabalapur, Z. Bao, A. Makhija, J. G. Laquindanum, V. R. Raju, Y. Feng, H. E. Katz, and J. Rogers, Organic smart pixels, Appl. Phys. Lett. 73, 142 (1998). Henning Sirringhaus, Nir Tessler, and Richard H. Friend, Integrated Optoelectronic Devices Based on Conjugated Polymers, Science 280, 1741 (1988).

Music falls Essay Example for Free

Music falls EssayThis ordinal activity was chosen because it entrusts the children with this means of communication, self-aggrandizing them the opportunity to express themselves freely. Doing this helps them progress emotionally and cognitively in all former(a) atomic number 18as of their learning. Music falls under Donaldsons construct mode, under value-sensing. She argues that emotion and thought be frequently related closely to one a nonher (Palmer, 2001).Neill (1927) also favoured music within the curriculum, as he alleged that it had a therapeutic function, particularly with children with psychological problems. He also acknowledged that it gave the less academically challenged pupils something they may excel at. This activity, therefore, assists in increasing the childs self esteem, giving them more confidence in other areas of the curriculum too.DifferentiationThe possibilities for differentiation within this lesson are extensive. As it is a relatively free activity, the children shadow movement as much, or as little as they like. Interaction from the practician could be by means of praising those who demonstrate effort and capability, or by encouraging the children to express themselves and by giving them the confidence to move as they wish. Those who do not attempt to join in could be partnered with others, to provide further encouragement and enjoyment.EvaluationThis activity provides the children with the freedom to move their bodies in ways which are commonly considered inappropriate within the classroom. There is no specific way in which the children are required to move and so they have the opportunity to truly express themselves with turn out the usual confines and barricades. Skinner (1971) believes that behaviour is not something a child is born with, it is shaped by consequences. The conditioning adopted by the setting determines the inventory of behaviour the child has at his disposal (cited in Palmer 2001). Skinner recognised t hat children respond to positive re-inforcement.The practician in this activity praises the children, encouraging them to express themselves further. Bandura suggests that adults rout out agnize childrens attention and highlight the behaviour patterns they take to encourage (David T et al, 2003). He suggests that the children will mimic the behaviour they command in others. In this activity, if the children see the practitioner praising one child as suggested by Skinner, their behaviour will be beef up and this should encourage more of this behaviour.As the rest of the children bear witness to this development, Bandura suggests that they will reproduce this behaviour to gain recognition for themselves. This was apparent when watching the behaviour of the whole class. When one child became slightly over-excited and silly, others began to imitate him. The practitioner quickly took control of the situation by praising one of the children who was making slower, more gentle movement s and the children responded swiftly by slowing their movements down too.ConclusionEach one of these activities proved to be successful. The children enjoyed them and were keen to bear on on task throughout. The relevant areas and aspects of learning were adequately covered and the children gained a great deal from participating. From carrying out this research, it is apparent that it is necessary for practitioners to plan their scheme of work effectively in order to guarantee that the al-Qaeda stage curriculum is covered throughout the year.This work has examined the long, medium and short term plans and has explained why they are used. It has researched the emergence of the foundation stage curriculum and the ways it can be adapted and moulded to fit into more different types of early years settings. Using the three activities this work has established the theoretical underpinning of the curriculum and demonstrates the strategies which can be applied to differentiate the experi ences effectively.BibliographyBooksBee, H. Boyd, D. (2004) The Developing Child, Tenth Edition USA Pearson Education, Inc.Boushel, M., Fawcett, M. Selwyn, J. (2000) Focus on advance(prenominal) Childhood Principles and Realities Malden, Mass Blackwell ScienceCarnie, F (2003) Alternative Approaches to Education A Guide for Parents and Teachers New York Taylor and Francis

Global economic Essay Example for Free

Global economic showExecutive summaryThe current essay demonst enjoins the scenario of Indian economic crisis in 2014. Ca drops and impact to India was talked in the number one partitioning influence on other economy especially to Australia was analyzed and Stolper-Samuelson Theorem was applied in section 2 similar situations in history were mentioned in the third section.1. Describe its set abouts economic or non-economic (2% for creativity). In 2014, m both emerging economies are face liquidity crisis, especially India. It was the aftermath of the US QE exit. The QE is the monetary indemnity applied by countries exchangeable US, UK, and some(a) EU members, that to expand the majuscule come forth and leverage it was an in effect(p) short-term fix to boost investment and economy growth, yet when it became too long, it ca utilizationd negative influence in both domesticated and the global economy. Indian economy is highly dependent on foreign heavy(p) inflows, and m ost of them are the cheap money brought from countries with QE policies.With vast investment, the India g e rattlingplacenment spent a lot on infrastructures and manufacture plants that the government kept a deficit account these years. Deficits became conundrumatic when investment majuscules stopped. Economically, short of money directly make those on-going projects unfinished quitting QE will appreciate foreign currencies like USD man make the India gold rupee comparably depreciate when rupee is weaker, there will be inflation in domestic commodity determine. Non- economically, delay or stagnation of projects along with weak Rupee drove a overtaking of confidence on India economy, bear stock and gold market ca expenditured the equity and houses prices unladeped,.India is exposed under pecuniary crisis bought by deep troubles at home and abroad weak Rupee performance due to comparably real dollar market gloom due to foreign investment withdraws domestic commodity price su rge due to inflation caused by currency devaluation GDP growth slowed and Indian government is facing questions on its creditability and huge deficit account.Below charts show the economic effects of how QE policies in the rest of the orb need India and caused financial crisis First of all, when foreign currencies (like USD) tapered the investment injection to India (S0 to S1, q0 to q1), Rupee devaluated (as more Rupee need for 1 dollar, r0to r1) as Rupee devaluated, price of imported goods increased, higher address shift the entire planning leftwards and caused higher price level (P to P1) and lower real GDP (Y to Y1).2. Describe its impact on world trade and commodity prices, and use the Stolper Samuelson theorem to predict the effect on income distribution in Australia.As mentioned above, stagnation of foreign investment and weak Rupee caused slower GDP growth and higher commodities prices. Devaluation of Rupee makes Indian government even harder to repay its deficits, whi ch in turn affected all the economy activities globally. As one of the two superpowers in Asia, India has considerable economic influence over Australia. Indians are less fertile compare with the rest of the world therefore less Indians would come to Australia for study.Education market is negatively affected and there will be job losses or even closing down in education sector in Australia. As a net energy importer, India has large demand for Australian energy products, especially for coal (for coal is the main energy resource in India). Comparably strong Australian dollar makes Aussie products less favored by India, expect the excavation products, for those are necessities. According to Stolper-Samuelson theorem, anticipate full employment and free labor mobility, as the demand for mining products stay steady duration demand for luxury products or other non-necessities slowdown, there will be different changes in mining and other sectors.For mining as a capital-intensive indus try, selling price increase will increase capital and rent costs, but lower the real wage on the other hand, labor sectors like gardening and run industries, shrink foreign demand terminations price cuts, which wage level also come downs yet capital and rent costs rises. Below charts show how the Stolper-Samuelson Theorem applies on the interactions between capital/rent and wage costs.The verdancy line represents the labour-intensive industry (marked as L, like agriculture) and the orange line represents the capital-intensive industry (marked as C, like mining) when theres a price increase on capital-intensive products, the curve shifts rightwards (to C1), capital/rent cost increases (r to r1) while wage level decreases (w to w1) when theres a price drop on labor-intensiveproducts, the curve shifts leftwards (to L1), capital/rent cost increases (r to r1) while wage level decreases (w to w1)Moreover, weak economy in India may promote talent immigrations for skilled labor (e.g., from IT industry) moving to Australia. Economically, increased abroad labor supply would lower the wage level in Australia, which may cut costs of producing and make Australian goods and services more attractive to the rest of the world Non-economically, gathering of professions will boost technology improvement, that would have Australian more competitive on the other hand, a surplus of labor supply may cause cordial problems like unemployment and high government payment on unemployment insurance.3. Document any historical crises that magnate be relevant for your answer (4%). The current India financial crisis is somewhat similar to many cases in the history. The 1929 expectant Depression started after the Black Tuesday of stock market crash in 29 October astonishing unemployment rate had got many peck lost home and the depression lasted until 1933 (Americas Story).The Great Depression is very proxy because it was caused by many typical indicators like subprime bubble burst, capital rupture, unbalanced industrial structure, and pessimistic over future economy (Bemanke James 1991). One thing different is that the Great Depression results commodity prices drop where the 2014 India crisis results inflations. The price level increases while GDP slowdown could be explained as Indias high settlement on foreign investment and the vulnerability of Rupee.Part 2Executive summaryDrug polity can change supply and demand curves. Penalizing supplying centralizes equilibrium quantity and raises equilibrium price while penalizing users reduces both. It is found that different policies have their advantages and limitation. An example in Singapore indicates death penalty for suppling drags but some disagree regarding social perspective.There is an ongoing debate about medicates proscription by government. Advocates turn over prohibition can reduce drugs commerceking and use, so that lower criminal offence, improving productivity and increasing peoples health. Opponents believe prohibition has only modest effects on trafficking and use while causing many problems such as numerous other negative side effects and increased annoyance and corruption. One recognize in this debate is the effect of drugs prohibition on government budgets.Prohibition entails direct enforcement costs, and prohibition prevents revenue of drug production and sale. Understandably, thus, some politicians, commentators, interest groups, and citizens have embraced unconventional approaches to closing fiscal gaps, such as legalizing drugs. The enforcement costs would be negligible and governments could levy taxes on the production and sale of drug. Also, government expenditure would declension and gains in tax revenue.The figure analyses the market for drug if there were no government intervention. The equilibrium would be at point A, which price P1 and Q1. Total revenue of sellers and total spending by buyers would be the flying field of the rectangle P1*Q1.The other figure shows the effect of a government effort to restrict supply through any of several methods, including vigilant customs inspections, arrest and stiff penalties for drug dealer, or efforts to reduce drug traffic from producing countries like Thailand. The decrease in supply is represented by a leftward shift of the supply curve, establishing a new equilibrium at price P2 and quantity Q2. All this suggest that supply restrictions if they successfully reduce the equilibrium quantity of drug and will also raise its equilibrium price.Similarly, based on the dead demand for immoral drugs, has led many economists to suggest the controlled legitimation of most currently illegal drugs. Others advocate a shift of emphasis in the war from decreasing supply to decreasing demand. Policies that aptitude decrease the demand for illegal drugs and shift the demand curve leftward include stiffer penalties on drugs users.The figure shows a insurance of reducing demand. As the demand cu rve shifts leftward, price falls from P1 to P3, and quantity demanded falls from Q1 to Q3. This would lead to total expenditure on drugs decrease and cancontribute to a low crime rate by drug users and make the drug industry less attractive to potential dealers and producers.Opponents to the polity of full legalizationOpponents believe that the legalization of drugs would increase use, lad to more experimentation by youth, and exacerbate the existing foul effects that drugs have on society (Smith, 2011). They are of the opinion that government subsidization of addicts would have stultify effects on the economy. They also feel that legalization would help to create a large abusive market for drugs.The point of view is that dealers will still be involved in crime and force and those users will still need to support themselves by engaging in criminal activity, thus, it will result in even larger prison populations. Basically, they believe that the legalization of drugs would lead to increases, not reductions, in crime because there would be more addicts and because of the aforementioned black market (Wilson, 1990). Also, they believe the legalize drugs would have scourge effects on public health, the economy, quality of life, culture and society as a whole.Opponents to the policy of penalizing useThere are some arguments that against the drugs uses. For example, the failure of prohibition to prevent consumption of illicit drugs shows that existing policies do not work. It would be p connectable to use the money saved by ending prohibition to fork out more drug rehabilitation centres and more drug education. More than this though, prohibition creates a powerful supply vacuum which can only be filled by criminals.The consequence of this is less safe drugs (from adulteration), personnel and stronger organised crime elements. Moreover, by criminalising drug users, prohibition needlessly removes people from potential employment and use to society and possibl y creates criminals out of people who wouldnt otherwise be so inclined. Some illegal drugs are no more dangerous than the legal drugs of alcohol and tobacco.On the other hand, proponents of medical exam drugs such as marijuana argue that it can be a safe and effective treatment for the symptoms of cancer, AIDS, six-fold sclerosis, pain, glaucoma, epilepsy, and other conditions. They cite dozens of peer-reviewed studies, prominent medical organizations, major government reports, and the use of marijuana asmedicine throughout world history (Barton, 2007).Opponents to the policy of penalizing supplyAll criminal and civil penalties against production, distribution, sale, and possession would cease because the policy might impose drugs specific regulations and taxes if in a legalized drugs regime, as occurs now for alcohol and tobacco. This would affect government budgets such as government would save the resources currently devoted to arresting, prosecuting, and incarcerating drugs producers and consumers (Holland, 2010).Also, government would hear tax revenue on the production and sale of legal drugs. The tax rates on drugs might be the same as those applied generally, or they might be higher, as with alcohol and tobacco. Miron (2005) indicates that drugs such as Marijuana legalization would reduce government expenditures by roughly $8 billion yearly and would generate tax revenue of approximately $2.4 billion annually if drugs were taxed like all other goods.Opponents to the policy of penalizing both use and supplyCriticisms of the current drug policy are varied and come from a wide variety of perspective. For example, current policy is not meeting its goals of reducing illegal drug use or its consequences. Demand for illegal drugs has not been reduced in vulnerable population or in the general population as evidenced by recent significant increases in illegal drug use among high school seniors (Inciardi, 1999).The high percentage of illegal drug use among arrestees indicates that current policy significantly contributes to criminal behaviour among drug users. This suggests that drug law simply criminalize a medical and public health problem and ask the legal system to deal with what it is, in fact, unable to affect a medical condition. Also, the drugs can be used in medicine to treat the various diseases that people have.Singapore, where is a Southeast Asian island city-state, is facing the rising of drug consumption and healthcare costs problems. The government of Singapore constitutes a range of severe polices to solve these marijuana problems. Acutely Singapore is close to the rosy Triangle opium productionregion, which is the 2nd largest opium production centre in the world, as well as a major transport hub.Hence it is a transshipment point for illicit drugs, as well as fry market given the relative affluence of society (TheRealSingapore, 2013). Therefore, the drug demand will always remain, as will drug trafficking, due to Si ngapore status as a transport hub. In fact, the social mechanisms are harmed by the drug due to the crime, also the individual health are damaged by the marijuana (TheRealSingapore, 2013).For the actual policy on marijuana in Singapore, according to international business cartridge holder 2011, Singapore, like much of Southeast Asia, has very draconian laws, particularly with respect to drug trafficking. Some season, the drug trafficking oft leads to the death penalty. In my opinion, I disagree with the death penalty due to the drug trade refer to the opponents to the policy of penalizing supply above. In Singapore, it is the penalizing supply only.For example, any adult convicted of trafficking at least 15 grams of heroin, 30 grams of cocaine or 500 grams of cannabis, faces mandatory death penalty (international business time 2011). So far, estimates that at least 400 people have been executed in the island since 1991, mostly on drug-related convictions.Thus, Singapore has very s mall population about 5-million population it has one of the worlds highest rates of executions per capita (international business time 2011). In addition, Singapore has defended its drug policies. In 2009, The UN Human Rights Council strongly disagrees that States should refrain from using the death penalty in relation to drug-related offenses. However, Singapore protects their drug policy that the death penalty has become major policy to deterring drug (international business time 2011).One of the reasons why someone refuses the analysis of economic to solve this problem is that the drug problem is not only the economic problem but also the social and health problems. Although using the economic analysis to deal with the drug problem that it can give the government maximum financial benefits, it will badly influence the health problem of people.Also the rate of social crime will increase due to the drug trade. According to Buddy (2013), the drug increase alertness and corporal a ctivity. Marijuana use causes short-term memory loss, decreases sperm and testosterone productionin men, and may disrupt the catamenial cycle and cause miscarriage and stillbirth in women. To sum up, the drug trade brings the negative social and health problems more than the economic benefits.